8/12/2023 0 Comments Daily mass feb 15 2021![]() Most of the Arctic Ocean in May was dominated by below average sea level pressure, as much as 10 millibars below average north of the Laptev Sea (Figure 2b). ![]() Hudson Bay was also warmer than average, especially in the northwest part of the bay where temperatures were up to 8 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit) above average. Yellows and reds indicate high air pressure blues and purples indicate low pressure.Ĭredit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences LaboratoryĪir temperatures at the 925 millibar level (approximately 2,500 feet above the surface) were 1 to 4 degrees Celsius (2 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit) below average over much of the Arctic Ocean for the month as a whole, except the Barents, Kara, and Beaufort Seas, where temperatures were 2 to 6 degrees Celsius (4 to 11 degrees Fahrenheit) above average (Figure 2a). This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in millibars for May 2023. The late increase in extent loss dropped the extent below the interdecile range after spending most of the month just above the lower part of the interdecile range. Overall, the Arctic lost 452,000 square kilometers (175,000 square miles) of ice from May 24 to May 31, compared the 1981 to 2010 average of 279,000 square kilometers (108,000 square miles) during the same interval. However, during the last week of the month, the rate of ice loss increased. From May 1 to May 24, extent dropped 963,000 square kilometers (372,000 square miles), compared to 1.12 million square kilometers (432,000 square miles) over the same interval in the 1981 to 2010 average. Through much of May, extent declined slightly slower than the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 1b). The average extent was 460,000 square kilometers (178,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average and 910,000 square kilometers (351,000 square miles) above the record low May extent, which occurred in 2016. Sea Ice Index data.Ĭredit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterĪverage Arctic sea ice extent during May 2023 was 12.83 million square kilometers (4.95 million square miles) (Figure 1a), the thirteenth lowest May in the satellite record. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. 2023 is shown in blue, 2022 in green, 2021 in orange, 2020 in brown, 2019 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The graph above shows Arctic sea ice extent as of June 4, 2023, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. Price, the New Jersey Supreme Court upheld the sale of a 13-year-old Black girl despite language in the 1804 law providing that an apprentice was subject to assignment but not sale.Figure 1b. ![]() The New Jersey Supreme Court held as late as 1827 that New Jersey's law continued to permit the sale of Black children as so-called "apprentices." In Ogden v. These children were then bound out to work as "apprentices"-often to the same enslaver who abandoned them-while the state paid for the maintenance of the child. ![]() ![]() To address the protests of enslavers who claimed to be concerned that they would have to support children of enslaved people who eventually would become free, the statute authorized enslavers to break apart families and abandon children of enslaved people to the state once they were more than 12 months old. Using the language of bondage, the 1804 act provided that children of enslaved people born after July 4, 1804, would be freed when they reached the age of 21 for women and the age of 25 for men. On February 15, 1804, New Jersey passed a law providing for the "gradual emancipation of slaves" and in doing so became the last Northern state to begin the process of ending enslavement within its borders. ![]()
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